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Shock absorber damping coefficients determine deceleration force relative to velocity, with adjustable coefficients allowing optimization for variable loads ranging from 5-50kg on the same cylinder. Proper tuning matches damping force to kinetic energy across the load range, preventing both excessive bounce (over-damping light loads) and insufficient deceleration (under-damping heavy loads), with adjustment ranges typically spanning 3:1 to 10:1 force ratios depending on absorber design and quality.

The bounce effect occurs when excessive cushioning pressure creates a rebound force that pushes the piston backward after initial deceleration, caused by over-closed needle valves, oversized cushion chambers, or mismatched damping for light loads. Bounce manifests as 2-15mm reverse motion followed by 1-3 oscillations before settling, adding 0.2-1.0 seconds to cycle time and degrading positioning accuracy by 300-500%. Optimal cushioning achieves settling in under 0.3 seconds with less than 2mm overshoot through proper damping coefficient tuning.

Orifice flow dynamics in cushion needles follow complex fluid mechanics where flow transitions from laminar to turbulent regimes, with flow rate proportional to orifice area and square root of pressure differential (Q ∝ A√ΔP). Needle position controls effective orifice area from 0.1-5.0 mm², creating flow rate variations of 50:1 or more, with flow behavior shifting from linear (laminar) at low velocities to square-root (turbulent) at high velocities. Understanding these dynamics enables predictable adjustment and optimal cushioning across varying operating conditions.

Forțele de impact ale opririi de urgență în cazul unei întreruperi de curent sunt calculate folosind formula F = mv²/(2d), unde masa în mișcare (m) la viteza (v) decelerează pe distanța (d), generând de obicei forțe de 5-20 ori mai mari decât opririle amortizate normale. O sarcină de 30 kg care se deplasează cu 1,5 m/s cu o distanță de decelerare de numai 5 mm generează o forță de impact de 6.750 N, comparativ cu 150 N în cazul unei amortizări adecvate, ceea ce poate provoca daune structurale, defecțiuni ale echipamentelor și riscuri pentru siguranță. Înțelegerea acestor forțe permite proiectarea adecvată a sistemelor de siguranță, protecția limitelor mecanice și procedurile de intervenție în caz de urgență.