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Stribeck curves describe the relationship between friction coefficient and the dimensionless parameter (η×N×V)/P, showing three distinct friction regimes: boundary lubrication (high friction, surface contact), mixed lubrication (transitional friction), and hydrodynamic lubrication (low friction, full fluid film separation).
Surface finish quality, measured by Ra (average roughness) and Rz (maximum peak-to-valley height), directly impacts seal wear, friction levels, and overall cylinder longevity, with optimal finishes extending service life by 3-5 times.
Hydrodynamic lubrication occurs when fluid pressure creates a lubricant film thick enough to separate seal surfaces from cylinder walls, causing seals to “hydroplane” and lose sealing effectiveness, typically at velocities above 0.5 m/s with excessive lubrication.
Grease aging occurs through oxidation, thermal degradation, mechanical shear, and contamination processes that break down lubricant molecular structure, causing viscosity changes, acid formation, and loss of protective properties over 6-24 months depending on operating conditions.
Stick-slip occurs when static friction exceeds kinetic friction in cylinder seals, causing alternating periods of sticking and sudden movement that create characteristic “stuttering” motion patterns.
