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The physics of seal lip geometry boils down to contact stress management. Sharp edge designs generate high localized pressure to scrape surfaces clean, while radiused (rounded) designs promote a hydrodynamic oil wedge that reduces friction and extends life.

MoS2 coatings provide a permanent, dry lubricating layer that bonds to the metal surface, allowing cylinders to operate millions of cycles without supplemental oil or grease, making them ideal for “clean” industries.

Pneumatic cylinder “bounce” occurs due to air’s compressible nature, where compressed air acts like a spring, storing and releasing energy that causes oscillations when the piston reaches the end of its stroke or encounters resistance, creating a mass-spring-damper system with natural resonant frequencies.

Choked flow occurs when air velocity through cylinder ports reaches sonic speed (Mach 1), creating a flow limitation that prevents further increases in mass flow rate regardless of downstream pressure reductions or upstream pressure increases.

The key difference between adiabatic and isothermal expansion in pneumatic cylinders lies in heat transfer: adiabatic processes occur rapidly with no heat exchange, while isothermal processes maintain constant temperature through continuous heat transfer with surroundings.