Vacuum · Pneumatic glossary

Leak rate — Air or vacuum leakage rate

Air or vacuum leakage rate

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Term
Leak rate
Full form
Air or vacuum leakage rate
Selection effect
It sets pump/ejector demand and pressure retention time.

01

Leak rate: definition and engineering context

Air or vacuum leakage rate. Rate at which gas enters or escapes a system under stated conditions.

The term belongs to the vacuum context. Its exact limits can depend on the cited standard, catalog convention, unit system, reference state, and component configuration.

02

Why Leak rate affects pneumatic selection

It sets pump/ejector demand and pressure retention time.

  • Vacuum level: Record the reference and unit; percentages of vacuum can hide assumptions.
  • kPa abs: Lower absolute pressure means a stronger vacuum.
  • Holding force: Derate for acceleration, orientation, leakage, surface texture, and cup geometry.
  • Safety factor: Choose it from motion, surface, failure consequence, and application guidance.

03

How to evaluate Leak rate in a catalog or replacement project

Read the value together with its unit, test basis, operating pressure, temperature, circuit state, and manufacturer definition.

For replacement work, compare the complete datasheet and drawing. A matching abbreviation or nominal size does not by itself prove functional or dimensional interchangeability.

  • Pressure below atmosphere: Magnitude of sub-atmospheric pressure stated as gauge vacuum or absolute pressure.
  • Kilopascals absolute: Absolute-pressure unit commonly used for vacuum work.
  • Vacuum-cup holding force: Ideal pressure-difference force over effective cup area before losses and safety factors.
  • Design factor: Multiplier between calculated minimum and selected capacity.

Selection checklist

What to verify before selection

  1. 01

    It sets pump/ejector demand and pressure retention time.

  2. 02

    Record the reference and unit; percentages of vacuum can hide assumptions.

  3. 03

    Lower absolute pressure means a stronger vacuum.

  4. 04

    Derate for acceleration, orientation, leakage, surface texture, and cup geometry.

Application caution

Common mistakes

  • Treating Leak rate as a universal definition without checking the manufacturer or standard context
  • Mixing gauge and absolute values, incompatible units, or different reference conditions in one comparison
  • Selecting a component from the term or nominal value alone without checking the complete operating point and drawing

FAQ

Questions engineers often ask

01Terminology checkWhat does Leak rate mean in pneumatics?

Air or vacuum leakage rate. Rate at which gas enters or escapes a system under stated conditions.

02Terminology checkWhy does Leak rate matter when selecting a component?

It sets pump/ejector demand and pressure retention time.

03Terminology checkCan Leak rate values be compared directly between catalogs?

Only after the unit, reference condition, test method, operating point, and manufacturer definition have been reconciled.

Source notes

Technical references

This lookup table explains practical usage. Definitions, reference conditions, symbols, and abbreviations may differ by standard or manufacturer. Treat the applicable datasheet and standard as authoritative.

  1. ISO 5598:2020

    Provides the international fluid-power vocabulary used to interpret pneumatic terminology.

  2. ISO 3529-1:2019

    Provides general vacuum-technology vocabulary and definitions.